The Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) has been a focal point for peace and development initiatives in the Philippines. However, the persistent proliferation of illegal guns in the region continues to pose a significant challenge to these efforts, undermining the strides made by projects such as the Assistance for Security, Peace, Integration, and Recovery for Advancing Human Security in BARMM (ASPIRE).
On November 13, 2024, the ASPIRE Project officially launched its second pilot site in Maguindanao del Norte, marking a milestone in the pursuit of peace and stability. Despite these promising developments, the region remains plagued by the unchecked circulation of small arms and light weapons (SALWs), which fuels violence, disrupts communities, and stalls progress.
A Persistent Threat to Peace
The prevalence of illegal firearms in BARMM has deep historical and socio-political roots. Decades of armed conflict, coupled with weak enforcement mechanisms, have led to a black market for weapons that remains active. Even with disarmament initiatives like the decommissioning of former combatants under the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro (CAB), many loose firearms remain in circulation.
Law enforcement agencies and peace advocates have expressed concern over the slow pace of disarmament. The reality on the ground paints a sobering picture: while hundreds of firearms have been surrendered through formal processes, thousands more remain unaccounted for, often hidden in remote communities or in the hands of criminal elements.
The Role of ASPIRE
The ASPIRE Project, implemented by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in partnership with the Government of Japan, seeks to address this issue by targeting the root causes of armed violence. Its expansion into Maguindanao del Norte follows successful interventions in Basilan, where the program integrated peacebuilding with socio-economic development.
During the ceremonial launch, officials emphasized the importance of reducing SALWs to sustain peace. BARMM Minister Akmad Brahim highlighted the critical need for systemic firearm reduction as the region transitions toward stability.
“Accountability for small arms and light weapons is a cornerstone of sustainable peace,” he stated.
Stakeholder consultations, socio-economic profiling, and targeted interventions are planned in the pilot sites of Mother Kabuntalan and North Upi. These measures aim to foster trust between communities and authorities, reduce dependency on firearms for security, and provide alternative livelihoods to discourage illegal activities.
Challenges to Implementation
Despite these efforts, the road ahead is fraught with obstacles:
- Cultural and Historical Complexities
Many Bangsamoro families view firearms as a means of protection, rooted in decades of clan feuds and insurgency. Changing this perception requires not just policy interventions but also cultural shifts, which take time and sustained effort. - Weak Enforcement and Corruption
The enforcement of firearm regulations remains inconsistent. Allegations of corruption and political interference have hampered the ability of law enforcement agencies to confiscate illegal weapons or hold violators accountable. - Economic Insecurity
Poverty and limited livelihood opportunities push some individuals to engage in arms trading. Without addressing these economic drivers, disarmament efforts risk being undermined.
Community Voices and the Path Forward
Local leaders and residents acknowledge the significance of the ASPIRE Project but stress the need for a more comprehensive approach.
“We welcome the assistance, but we need stronger enforcement and more inclusive economic opportunities,” said a barangay official from North Upi, who wished to remain anonymous. “People need to feel secure enough to give up their guns.”
Experts suggest that alongside disarmament, a robust public awareness campaign is needed to highlight the dangers of illegal firearms and the benefits of disarmament. Further, integrating former combatants into productive roles within their communities can prevent the recurrence of violence.
A Delicate Balance
As BARMM approaches the end of its transition period, the stakes are higher than ever. The proliferation of illegal guns threatens to undo years of progress, but initiatives like ASPIRE offer hope. By addressing both the symptoms and root causes of armed violence, the region can move closer to realizing its vision of a safer and more prosperous future.
However, the fight against illegal firearms requires a concerted effort from all stakeholders—government agencies, local leaders, international partners, and the Bangsamoro people themselves. Only through unity and sustained action can the region finally break free from the cycle of violence and fully enjoy the dividends of peace.
